The Hansa was an association of mercantile cities along the Baltic Coast, including Hamburg, Gdansk, Lubeck and Bremen. They also maintained enclaves in Bruges, London, Bergen, and Novgorod. Beginning in the 12th Century, the Holy Roman Emperor had chartered the earliest member cities to take control of their own trade. They dealt in the most profitable commodities of the time: furs, salt, fish, and gold were among its chief commodities.
Denmark’s Provocation and Motives
Herring fisheries in the Baltic were a focus of great profit, but also of great contention during the Hanseatic era. Herring shoals tend to drift around over time, and those used by the League were off Skania, in Sweden, which was claimed by Denmark’s King Valdemar IV. He gained control of it, and then made the fees for maintaining the Hansa’s privileges in the town extremely irksome to them.
Valdemar was an ambitious monarch, with a ‘Denmark for the Danes’ policy, at a time when Denmark was very much in a junior position to the Holy Roman Empire. The Hanseatic League’s control of trade routes and commodity prices were infuriating to him, as was the Holy Roman Empire’s encroachment on lands he believed were rightfully Danish. Therefore, in 1361, King Valdemar made war on the League, attacking the island of Gotland, the hub of the trans-Baltic trade and the Hansa’s treasure house.
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